O Estado da Arte das Técnicas de Georreferenciamento Terrestre Vista em Três Dimensões
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17921/1890-1793.2020v15n15p15-20Resumo
Resumo
No presente artigo foram realizadas avaliações e comparações das diferentes técnicas modernas de georreferenciamento. Atualmente, duas restrições principais do solo são utilizadas para a pesquisa de varredura laser em herança cultural: o uso de alvos como controle terrestre e pontos e a abordagem de Georreferenciação direta, com base na fixação da posição do instrumento e da atitude derivada de informações externas (estacionando sobre pontos conhecidos, nivelamento, orientação azimutal, usa de INS/GPS em caso de assentamentos abertos e amplos). Além disso, hoje em dia, vários instrumentos podem ser usados como uma estação total para determinar diretamente as coordenadas dos pontos de posições. Ambas as técnicas podem ser adotadas de forma separada, mas também podem ser integradas. A seleção de uma solução específica dependerá da precisão necessária para o georreferenciamento, mas também pode ser conduzida por necessidades operacionais especiais (tempo disponível, número de pessoas envolvidas, dificuldade em obter o site). Por outro lado, uma solução alternativa para calcular o registro de varredura com um solo mínimo é o controle de dados pelos algoritmos de correspondência de superfície.
Palavras-chave: Escaneamento a Laser Terrestre. Georreferenciamento. Correspondência de Superfícies. Patrimônio Cultural.
Abstract
In this article an evaluation and a comparison of different georeferencing modern techniques were carried out. Currently, two main soil restrictions have been used for the laser scanning exploration in cultural heritage: the use of targets as ground control and points and the direct georeferencing approach, based on the fixation of the instrument position and the attitude derived from external information (parking on known points, leveling, azimuth orientation, use of INS / GPS in case of open and wide settlements). In addition, nowadays, various instruments can be used as a total station to directly determine the position points coordinates as well. Both techniques can be adopted separately, but they can also be integrated. Selecting a specific solution will depend on the accuracy needed for geo-referencing, but can also be driven by special operational needs (time available, number of people involved, difficulty obtaining the site). On the other hand, a workaround to calculate the scanning record with a minimum soil is data control given by the surface matching algorithms.
Keywords: Terrestrial Laser Scanning. Georeferencing. Surfaces Correspondence. Cultural Heritage.
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